MOST COMMON IN MEDICINE SUESTION

MOST COMMON

1° Tumor arising from bone in adults	Multiple Myeloma
Adrenal Medullary Tumor ­ Adults	Pheochromocytoma
Adrenal Medullary Tumor ­ Children	Neuroblastoma
Bacterial Meningitis ­ adults	Neisseria meningitidis
Bacterial Meningitis ­ elderly	Strep pneumoniae
Bacterial Meningitis ­ newborns	E. coli
Bacterial Meningitis ­ toddlers	Hib
Bone Tumors	Metasteses from Breast & Prostate
Brain Tumor ­ Child	Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
Brain Tumor ­Adult	Astrocytoma (including Glioblastoma Multiforme) then: mets, meningioma, Schwannoma
Breast Carcinoma	Invasive Duct Carcinoma
Breast Mass	Fibrocystic Change (Carcinoma is the most common is post-menopausal women)
Bug in Acute Endocarditis	Staph aureus
Bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia pt	Klebsiella
Bug in Epiglottitis	Hib
Bug in GI Tract	Bacteroides (2nd ­ E. coli)
Bug in IV drug user bacteremia / pneumonia	Staph aureus
Bug in PID	N. Gonnorrhoeae
Bug in Subacute Endocarditis	Strep Viridans
Cardiac 1° Tumor ­ Adults	Myxoma "Ball Valve"
Cardiac 1° Tumor ­ Child	Rhabdomyoma
Cardiac Tumor ­ Adults	Metasteses
Cardiomyopathy	Dilated (Congestive) Cardiomyopathy
Cause of 2° HTN	Renal Disease
Cause of Addison's	Autoimmune (2nd ­ infection)
Cause of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia	21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (then, 11-)
Cause of Cushings	Exogenous Steroid Therapy (then, 1° - ACTH, Adrenal Adenoma, Ectopic ACTH)
Cause of death in Alzheimer pts	Pneumonia
Cause of death in Diabetics	MI
Cause of Death in SLE pts.	Lupus Nephropathy Type IV (Diffuse Proliferative)
Cause of Dementia	Alzheimer's
Cause of Dementia (2nd most common)	Multi-Infarct Dementia
Cause of food poisoning	Staph aureus
Cause of mental retardation	Down's
Cause of mental retardation (2nd most common)	Fragile X
Cause of preventable blindness	Chlamydia
Cause of Pulmonary HTN	COPD
Cause of SIADH	Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Chromosomal disorder	Down's
Congenital cardiac anomaly	VSD (membranous > muscular)
Congenital early cyanosis	Tetralogy of Fallot
Coronary Artery thrombosis	LAD
Demyelinating Disease	Multiple Sclerosis
Dietary Deficiency	Iron
Disseminated opportunistic infection in AIDS	CMV (Pneumocystis carinii is most common overall)
Esophageal cancer	SCCA
Fatal genetic defect in Caucasians	Cystic Fibrosis
Female Tumor	Leimyoma
Form of Amyloidosis	Immunologic (Bence Jones protein in multiple myeloma is also called the Amyloid Light Chain)
Form of Tularemia	Ulceroglandular
Gynecologic malignancy	Endometrial Carcinoma
Heart Murmur	Mitral Valve Prolapse
Heart Valve in bacterial endocarditis	Mitral
Heart Valve in bacterial endocarditis in IV drug users	Tricuspid
Heart Valve involved in Rheumatic Fever	Mitral then Aortic
Hereditary Bleeding Disorder	Von Willebrand's Disease
Liver 1° Tumor	Hepatoma
Liver Disease	Alcoholic Liver Disease
Location of Adult brain tumors	Above Tentorium
Location of Childhood brain tumors	Below Tentorium
Lysosomal Storage Disease	Gaucher's
Motor Neuron Disease	ALS
Neoplasm ­ Child	Leukemia
Neoplasm ­ Child (2nd most common)	Medulloblastoma of brain (cerebellum)
Nephrotic Syndrome	Membranous Glomerulonephritis
Opportunistic infection in AIDS	PCP
Ovarian Malignancy	Serous Cystadenoma
Ovarian Tumor	Hamartoma
Pancreatic Tumor	Adeno (usually in the head)
Patient with ALL / CLL / AML / CML	ALL - Child / CLL - Adult over 60 / AML - Adult over 60 / CML - Adult 35-50
Patient with Goodpasture's	Young male
Patient with Reiter's	Male
Pituitary Tumor	Prolactinoma (2nd ­ Somatotropic "Acidophilic" Adenoma)
Primary Hyperparathyroidism	Adenomas (followed by: hyperplasia, then carcinoma)
Pt. With Hodgkin's	Young Male (except Nodular Sclerosis type ­ Female)
Pt. With Minimal Change Disease	Young Child
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism	Hypocalcemia of Chronic Renal Failure
Sexually transmitted disease	Chlamydia
Site of Diverticula	Sigmoid Colon
Site of metastasis	Regional Lymph Nodes
Site of metastasis (2nd most common)	Liver
Sites of atherosclerosis	Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
Skin Cancer	Basal Cell Carcinoma
Stomach cancer	Adeno
Testicular Tumor	Seminoma
Thyroid Cancer	Papillary Carcinoma
Tracheoesophageal Fistula	Lower esophagus joins trachea / upper esophagus ­ blind pouch
Tumor of Infancy	Hemangioma
Type of Hodkin's	Mixed Cellularity (versus: lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion, nodular sclerosis)
Type of Non-Hodgkin's	Follicular, small cleaved
Vasculitis (of medium & small arteries)	Temporal Arteritis
Viral Encephalitis	HSV
Worm infection in US	Pinworm (2nd ­ Ascaris)