Monday, 8 June 2015

GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY



GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY




Pharmacology - the study of the effects of drugs on the body. However, given the broad nature of this subject area, pharmacology includes a number of subdisciplines:

Neuropharmacology - the subdiscipline devoted to the study of the effects of drugs on cells of the nervous system.

Psychopharmacology - the subdiscipline devoted to the study of the effects of drugs on psychological processes and behavior.

Clinical Psychopharmacology - the subdiscipline of psychopharmacology concerned mainly with the use of drugs to treat abnormal human behaviour.

Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology - you guessed it, a combination of all three subdisciplines of pharmacology, i.e. the subdiscipline concerned with the study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system, their effects on psychological and behavioural processes, and their use in the treatment of abnormal human behaviour.


Friday, 5 June 2015

5 WAYS to protect your eyes from AMD

5 WAYS to protect your eyes from AMD

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a condition in which the macula, the part of the eye that's responsible for your sharpest and most detailed vision, begins to thin and break down, causing vision loss. If left untreated, it can lead to blindness.

There is no surefire way to prevent AMD. However, there are things you can do to delay its onset or reduce its severity. Here's how:

Smoking can speed up AMD damage. If you smoke, quit.
Sunlight is thought to possibly promote AMD. Protect your eyes from the sun by wearing sunglasses and broad-brimmed hats.

Research also suggests that certain nutrients help prevent macular degeneration. Eat a diet rich in fresh fruits and dark green leafy vegetables — such as spinach, collard greens, and kale — that are rich in lutein and zeaxanthin, which are key for eye health.

For people at high risk of developing the advanced stages of the "wet" form of AMD, high-dose combinations of antioxidant vitamins and minerals may lower their risk by about 25%. However, supplements don't seem to help people who don't have AMD or who have early AMD.

Ask your doctor about supplements if you have intermediate or advanced dry AMD or wet AMD. It's unclear whether omega-3 supplements are beneficial for AMD, but eating fish and other foods high in these nutrients may still be worthwhile for preserving optimal vision and overall good health.

5 TRUTH about protecting your eyes

5 TRUTH about protecting your eyes

Of your five senses, which one are you most afraid of losing? If you're like most people, your answer is your ability to see. Because our eyesight is so precious, it's no wonder that myths abound about what can damage our eyes — and what can protect them. Here, we debunk five common myths — and tell you how to truly keep your eyes healthy.

Myth: Doing eye exercises will delay the need for glasses.
Fact: Eye exercises will not improve or preserve vision or reduce the need for glasses. Your vision depends on many factors, including the shape of your eyeball and the health of the eye tissues, neither of which can be significantly altered with eye exercises.
Myth: Reading in dim light will worsen your vision.
Fact: Dim lighting will not damage your eyesight. However, it will tire your eyes out more quickly. The best way to position a reading light is to have it shine directly onto the page, not over your shoulder. A desk lamp with an opaque shade pointing directly at the reading material is ideal.

Myth: Carrots are the best food for the eyes.
Fact: Carrots, which contain vitamin A, are indeed good for the eyes. But fresh fruits and dark green leafy vegetables, which contain more antioxidant vitamins such as C and E, are even better. Antioxidants may even help protect the eyes against cataracts and age-related macular degeneration. Just don't expect them to prevent or correct basic vision problems such as nearsightedness or farsightedness.

Myth: It's best not to wear glasses or contact lenses all the time. Taking a break from them allows your eyes to rest.
Fact: If you need glasses or contacts for distance or reading, use them. Not wearing your glasses will strain your eyes and tire them out instead of resting them. However, it will not worsen your vision or lead to eye disease.

Myth: Staring at a computer screen all day is bad for the eyes.
Fact: Using a computer does not damage your eyes. However, staring at a computer screen all day can contribute to eyestrain or tired eyes. People who stare at a computer screen for long periods tend not to blink as often as usual, which can cause the eyes to feel dry and uncomfortable. To help prevent eyestrain, adjust the lighting so it doesn't create a glare or harsh reflection on the screen, rest your eyes briefly every 20 minutes, and make a conscious effort to blink regularly so that your eyes stay well lubricated.

Sunday, 5 April 2015

Transform Your Laptop, PC, Tablet and Mobile to Study Room.

http://www.doctorsquiz.com important topics for DNB-CET, AIPGMEE, FMGE, DNB-PDCET, UPSC-CMS online medical examination .

Transform Your Laptop, PC, Tablet and Mobile  to Study Room
Visit: www.doctorsquiz.com


Saturday, 28 March 2015

ONLINE AIPGMEE MOCK TEST 2015


http://www.doctorsquiz.com important topics for DNB-CET, AIPGMEE, FMGE, DNB-PDCET, UPSC-CMS online medical examination .


 1. A 50 year old female has undergone mastectomy for Ca Breast. After Mastectomy, Patient is not able to extend, adduct and internally rotate the arm. There is damage to nerve supplying which muscle? 
A. Latissimus Dorsi
B. Pectoralis Major 
C. Teres Minor 
D. Long head of Triceps 
ANS-A

2. Muscle spared by complete transection of cranial part of accessory nerve 
A. Stylopharyngeus
B. Palatopharyngeus 
C. Salpingiopharyngeus 
D. Cricopharyngeus 
ANS A

3. Cervical vertebra is differentiated from the Thoracic vertebra by the presence of (Twisted Nov 2006) 
A. Foramen Transversarium
B. Triangular Foramina 
C. Upward facing facets 
D. Larger Vertebral Body 
ANS A
4. In complete unilateral damage to Hypoglossal nerve, all are true EXCEPT (May 2008) 
A. Atrophy on affected side 
B. Deviation of tongue towards the site of lesion 
C. Deviation of Larynx to the contralateral side during swallowing 
D. Loss of tactile sensation on tongue on affected side
ANS D

5. Which of the following is True? 
A. Hypothalamus is part of brainstem 
B. Occipital lobe is part of Cerebral Cortex
C. Medulla is part of Limbic System 
D. All of the above
ANS B

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ONLINE FMGE/MCI SCREENING TEST MOCK TEST 2015





http://www.doctorsquiz.com important topics for DNB-CET, AIPGMEE, FMGE, DNB-PDCET, UPSC-CMS online medical examination .


6.extra renal manifestations of ADPKD include all except
A.saccular aneurysms
B.aortic root and annulus dilation
C.colonic diverticulae
D.splenic cysts
Answer.d.splenic cysts.

7.a unique form of hemolytic anemia (with spur cells and acanthocytes) can occur in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis . This is called as
A.kostamann's syndrome
B.zieve's syndrome
C.seckel syndrome
D.dubowitz syndrome
Answer.b.zieve's syndrome.

8.aplastic anemia with pancreatic insufficiency and malabsorption is seen in
A.fanconi's anemia
B.dyskeratosis congenita
C.shwachman diamond syndrome
D.diamond Blackfan syndrome
Ans.c.shwachman diamond syndrome

9.hemorrhagic cystitis is a dreaded complication with use of
A.clobazam
B.cyclosporin A
C.cycloserine
D.cyclophosphamide
Ans.d.cyclophosphamide.

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ONLINE DNB-CET MOCK TEST MARCH 2015



http://www.doctorsquiz.com important topics for DNB-CET, AIPGMEE, FMGE, DNB-PDCET, UPSC-CMS online medical examination .



1.Non pancreatic gastrinomas are mostly located in
A.duodenum
B.stomach
C.liver
D.heart
Answer.a.duodenum.

2.the holiday heart syndrome which typically appears after a drinking binge manifests most frequently as
A.heart failure
B.atrial fibrillation
C.complete heart block
D.sudden death
Answer.2.atrial fibrillation.

3.acute kidney injury caused by acyclovir is due to
A.tubular necrosis
B.tubular obstruction
C.acute interstitial nephritis
D.all the above
Answer.d.all the above.

4.lesch-nyhan syndrome is characterised by all except
A.hyperuricemia
B.self mutilation behaviour
C.choreoathetosis
D.partial deficiency of HPRT
Answer.d.partial deficiency of HPRT.

5.hyperprolactinemia is caused by all except
A.drugs
B.pituitary stalk compression
C.hyperthyroidism
D.renal failure
Answer.hyperthyroidism.

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